Cryptography

Provably V2 is a middleware that addresses the task of verifying SQL queries. Instead of using general-purpose SNARKs, Provably verifies analytics based queries using various cryptographic tools and does not rely upon general ZK proof systems. Moreover, Provably expresses analytics based queries using SQL. This avoids the non trivial task of translating the queries into a low level format and is readily understandable by data analytics practitioners.

Provably computes a cryptographic proof that satisfies the following properties:

Correctness: All the records that contribute to the query’s answer satisfy the selection conditions of the query.
Completeness: Only the records satisfying the selection conditions of the query contribute to the answer.

The Provably V2 proof system has been designed in order to be:

- Simple: Provably V2 does not rely on general-purpose SNARKs.

- Secure: Provably V2 relies on battle-tested cryptographic assumptions.

- Concretely efficient and scalable: Provably V2 efficiently scales to databases containing millions of rows, with minimal proof size overhead.

- Modular: It is possible to extend Provably V2 using other cryptographic primitives without sacrificing its core design.